Rich Stossel of NaturalNews posted an article titled
Historical data shows vaccines are not what saved us in which he argues:
If you look at the historical data on vaccination efficacy, you'll see
that they are not responsible for the decline in disease in the last
hundred years at all.
He is echoing an argument by Andrew Weil (a quack who
got busted selling fake flu remedies) that vaccines are ineffective because the diseases they aim to prevent were already on the decline when each vaccine was introduced. Since none of the below vaccination programs were the first attempt at eradicating their respective diseases, this trend should not be surprising.
However, we don't have to look at historical data to learn the effectiveness of a vaccine. Clinical studies test vaccine effectiveness. Ineffective vaccines aren't given to the public. Weil's argument is contradicted by every clinical study showing vaccines to be effective!
Anyway, Stossel goes on to cite a list of anecdotes copied verbatim from a
2002 anti-vaccination website by Ian Sinclair. This plagiarized evidence is supposed to convince the reader that vaccines played no role in the decline of certain infectious diseases.
In addition to debunking most of these claims, I'll try to explain the rhetorical tools used by Sinclair.
The first tool in Sinclair's deception tool belt is taking big numbers out of context.
In 1871-2 England, with 98% of the population aged between 2 and 50
vaccinated against smallpox, it experienced its worst ever smallpox
outbreak with 45,000 deaths...
This argument calls into question the efficacy of the smallpox vaccine. After all, how did so many vaccinated people die? Actually, from this argument, we can't assume
any vaccinated people died.
The
cited document actually reports 44,800 smallpox deaths and that 97.5% of the public aged 2 to 50 were vaccinated, leaving 2.5% unvaccinated, conspicuously ignoring old people.
The population of at the time England was
31,629,299, so there would have been 17 unvaccinated people for every one that died from smallpox! Sinclair expects his audience to miss this numerical slight of hand, as not everyone has an intuitive grasp on large numbers.
Smallpox vaccine is now
95% effective, though it may not have been so effective in the past.
In his next point, Sinclair again relies on the ignorance of his audience.
In Germany, compulsory mass vaccination
against diphtheria commenced in 1940, and by 1945, diphtheria cases were
up from 40,000 to 250,000.
When I see "Germany" and "1940" in a sentence, I immediately think of
WORLD WAR II. Don't you? If you saw Schindler's List, you probably aren't surprised by the diphtheria outbreak.
In fact, the
mass movement of children to camps and neglect of immunizations were the actual cause of this tragic epidemic. Lou Minatti also has some
choice words on this topic.
Next, Sinclair performs a different sort of magic trick, conjuring someone out of thin air.
In 1967, Ghana was declared measles-free by the World Health Organization after 96%
of its population was vaccinated. In 1972, Ghana experienced one of its
worst measles outbreaks with its highest ever mortality rate. (Dr. H.
Albonico, MMR Vaccine Campaign in Switzerland, March 1990)
This claim is completely made up! "Dr. H.
Albonico" is not a real person. Apparently, he's a fictional character who supposedly self-published an article titled
Vaccination campaign against measles, mumps, and rubella. A constraining project for a dubious future? which does not exist.
In reality, the measles vaccine works.
Even in Ghana.
Sinclair seems to have been on quite the fictional roll, so he made up another fact, but this time, he also invented a whole new organization!
In
the UK between 1970 and 1990, over 200,000 cases of whooping cough
occurred in fully vaccinated children. (Community Disease Surveillance
Centre, UK)
There is no such thing as the "Community Disease Surveillance
Centre" in the UK, or anywhere.
In reality, the whooping cough vaccine is
highly effective, but the protection decreases over time. That's why it's important to get a booster shot every few years.
Now, Sinclair moves on to special pleading.
In the 1970s, a tuberculosis vaccine trial in India
involving 260,000 people revealed that more cases of TB occurred in the
vaccinated than the unvaccinated. (The Lancet 12/1/80 p73)
The
BCG vaccine for tuberculosis had variable efficacy, depending on geography. Not every attempt at vaccine making is a success. Nobody claims that vaccines saved us from TB. Antibiotics did!
In
1977, Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the first polio vaccine, testified
along with other scientists that mass inoculation against polio was the
cause of most polio cases throughout the USA since 1961. (Science 4/4/77
"Abstracts")
The polio vaccine is one of the greatest vaccine success stories! There was a small risk of infection with live virus vaccines, which are no longer used. For a thorough explanation, see the
Rogue Medic.
In 1979, Sweden abandoned the whooping cough vaccine due to its ineffectiveness. Out of 5,140 cases in 1978, it was found that 84% had been vaccinated three times! (BMJ 283:696-697, 1981)
The most important and effective way to control pertussis is
vaccination. Following suspension of immunisation there was an
increase in reported cases of pertussis in Sweden. That is why Sweden is highly involved in development of improved pertussis vaccines.
The February 1981 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 90% of obstetricians and 66% of pediatricians refused to take the rubella vaccine.
This
study of hospital workers in Los Angeles concludes that means must be found to ensure greater employee acceptance of vaccine. Why? Because vaccines work.
In Oman between 1988 and 1989, a polio outbreak occurred amongst thousands of fully
vaccinated children. The region with the highest infection rate had the
highest vaccine coverage. The region with the lowest infection rate had
the lowest vaccine coverage. (The Lancet, 21/9/91)
The case of Oman demonstrates how response to the oral vaccine can
vary widely within individual countries. Yes, vaccines efficacy can very due to a number of circumstances. So what? Everywhere you see decline in polio (most of the world), vaccinations are the cause.
In the New England Journal of Medicine July 1994 issue, a study found that over 80% of children under 5 years of age who had contracted whooping cough had been fully vaccinated.
By the 1980s, whooping cough incidents in the United States were almost zero. Vaccination is what saved us. In recent years, however, opting out of vaccination has lowered many states below the herd immunity, which is
92%. No surprise, those are the states in which outbreaks tend to occur.
This is why anti-vaccine misinformation is so dangerous. It only takes one out of ten gullible people to ruin heard immunity for a disease that is difficult to control, like whooping cough.
Please, don't be fooled by Rich Stossel, Andrew Weil, or Ian Sinclair into being that gullible person.
